IEC 60413-ed.2.0

Podrobné informácie

Označenie: IEC 60413-ed.2.0

Dátum vydania: 13.03.2026

Stránok: 204

Krajina: Medzinárodná technická norma

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IEC 60413:2026 concerns graphite-based grades that are used for sliding electrical contacts, such as carbon brushes or pantograph strips. By extension, it is possible to apply the test procedures of this document to all electrical sliding contacts for electrical transmission appliances and to other appliances of graphite-based materials (heat exchangers, bearings, etc.). This document specifies uniformized procedures for determining their following properties: - density and porosity; - resistivity; - flexural strength; - hardness; - ash content. In addition, it provides recommendations on test procedures for other properties: - Mechanical properties: Charpy impact test, compressive strength, tensile strength (Annex B). - Thermal properties: coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity (Annex C). The properties determined by these tests are inherent to the graphite-based materials and it is therefore important to distinguish them from performance characteristics in operation on electrical equipment (carbon brush in an electrical rotating machine, contact strips on a pantograph, etc.). Since these materials are generally brittle, porous materials, it is reasonable that their properties vary much more than the same properties in metals. Some test methods are suitable for use in production quality control (routine tests), others only for more thorough investigations, using precise laboratory techniques (see Annex A). WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous substances, operations and equipment. It does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1972. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Title modified. b) Addition of definitions in Clause 3. c) Clause 5 on test specimen: Nomenclature and addition of the different types of test specimen, specification on their dimensions, tolerances and preparation. d) Improvement of test procedures of the properties already disclosed in the previous edition (Clause 6 to Clause 11). e) Separation of apparent density and apparent porosity (respectively Clause 6 and Clause 10). f) Resistivity (Clause 7): Addition of the eddy current method. g) Rebound hardness (Clause 9): Addition of a new model of scleroscope and addition of Leeb method, as a possible alternative to the traditional scleroscope method. h) Common elements of the test report in a dedicated Clause 12. i) Addition of Annex A (normative): introduction of tests categories (serial/type tests), list of properties to be tested for each test category of test according to their purpose. j) Addition of Annex B: test procedures for other mechanical properties than flexural strength and hardness: tensile, compressive and impact strength. k) Addition of Annex C: test procedures for thermal properties (coefficient of linear expansion, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity). l) Addition of Annex D: supplement to density and porosity. m) Addition of Annex E: recommendations on methods for elements analysis. n) Addition of Annex F: supplement of information concerning scleroscope hardness. IEC 60413:2026 concerne les nuances a base de graphite utilisees pour les contacts electriques glissants, tels que les balais ou les bandes de pantographes. Par extension, il est possible dappliquer les modes operatoires dessai du present document a tous les contacts electriques glissants des equipements de transmission electrique et a dautres applications de materiaux a base de graphite (echangeurs de chaleur, roulements, etc.). Le present document specifie des procedures uniformisees pour determiner leurs proprietes suivantes: - densite et porosite; - resistivite; - resistance a la flexion; - durete; - teneur en cendres. En outre, il fournit des recommandations sur les modes operatoires dessai pour dautres proprietes: - proprietes mecaniques: essai de choc Charpy, resistance a la compression, resistance a la traction (Annexe B); - proprietes thermiques: coefficient de dilatation thermique, capacite thermique massique, conductivite thermique (Annexe C). Les proprietes determinees par ces essais sont inherentes aux materiaux a base de graphite et par consequent, il est important de les distinguer par rapport aux caracteristiques de performance en service sur les equipements electriques (balai dans une machine electrique tournante, bandes de contact sur un pantographe, etc.). Etant donne quil sagit de materiaux generalement fragiles et poreux, il est raisonnable que leurs proprietes varient beaucoup plus que les memes proprietes dans les metaux. Certaines methodes dessai conviennent au controle de la qualite de la production (essais individuels de serie), dautres sont reservees a des examens plus approfondis, qui font appel a des techniques de laboratoire precises (voir lAnnexe A). AVERTISSEMENT — Lutilisation du present document peut impliquer la mise en ouvre de substances, doperations et de materiels dangereux. Ce document ne pretend pas couvrir tous les problemes environnementaux ou de securite lies a son utilisation. Il incombe a lutilisateur du present document detablir des pratiques appropriees en matiere dhygiene et de securite et de determiner lapplicabilite des limitations reglementaires avant lutilisation. Cette deuxieme edition annule et remplace la premiere edition parue en 1972. Cette edition constitue une revision technique. Cette edition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport a ledition precedente: a) le titre a ete modifie; b) des definitions ont ete ajoutees a lArticle 3; c) Article 5 sur les epro